{"id":4271,"date":"2015-01-03T15:56:31","date_gmt":"2015-01-03T20:56:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.riotnumbers.com\/?p=177"},"modified":"2015-01-03T15:56:31","modified_gmt":"2015-01-03T20:56:31","slug":"harlem-new-york-1935","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2015\/01\/harlem-new-york-1935\/","title":{"rendered":"Harlem, New York (1935)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/16.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-181 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/16.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"16\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a>Age of Lino Rivera, the black Puerto Rican young man at the center of this event. On March 19, 1935, Mr. Rivera shoplifted a pen knife from a five and dime store. He was chased and caught\u00a0by store employees.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/bittenhand.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-182 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/bittenhand-300x294.gif?resize=300%2C294&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"bittenhand\" width=\"300\" height=\"294\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Rivera didn&#8217;t take being caught calmly. He severely bit the hands of store employees who detained him. Their injuries were bad enough that they required medical attention.<\/p>\n<p>A quick-thinking store manager decided that no good could come from \u00a0pressing charges against Rivera. Due to the number of people in the store, and the increasing energy of the group, Rivera was hustled out of a back door of the store where there wasn&#8217;t a crowd.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/4.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-136 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/4.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"4\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Rumors and coincidences that contributed to this event.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A woman\u00a0shouting that Rivera was being beaten in the store.<\/li>\n<li>An ambulance that showed up in order to address the wounds of the store employee who had been bitten seemed to support the rumor that the young man was had been beaten.<\/li>\n<li>A hearse, which was reporting to a nearby address, was seen by the crowd, fueling the belief that the boy had been beaten to death.<\/li>\n<li>The crowd thought that a boy of 10 or 12, depending on the version of the rumor, was beaten or beaten to death, depending on the version of the story, for stealing candy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/crowd.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-191 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/crowd-300x207.gif?resize=339%2C234&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"crowd\" width=\"339\" height=\"234\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The crowd that had gathered in the store demanded that the boy be produced, proving that he had not been harmed. However, because Mr. Rivera had been let go, this was impossible. In response to this perceived injustice, shoppers began to turn over tables and otherwise destroy the store.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/3000.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-171 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/3000.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"3000\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Number of blacks who had gathered around the store by late afternoon. During this time, there were confrontations between blacks and whites, and also between police and rioters. During this time, communist groups came to the area in an attempt to encourage solidarity between blacks and whites, suggesting instead that united they turn their anger toward the local merchants and toward the city&#8217;s leaders.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-186 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/overfivehundred.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"overfivehundred\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Number of police officers working the streets in response to this incident.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/onetofour.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-189 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/onetofour.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"onetofour\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>People who died as a result of this riot, depending on which sources you consult.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/50.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-169 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/50.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"50\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Arrests made by 2:30 AM on March 20 in connection with this event.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-185 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/697.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"697\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Plate glass windows\u00a0smashed during this event.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-184 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/300.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"300\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Businesses destroyed during this riot.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/3.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-126 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/3.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"3\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Main underlying reasons cited as the cause of this event as in the report created by a commission that had been created to investigate the riot&#8217;s causes,\u00a0&#8220;The Negro in Harlem: A Report on Social and Economic Conditions Responsible for the Outbreak of March 19, 1935.&#8221;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>injustices of discrimination in employment<\/li>\n<li>aggressions of the police<\/li>\n<li>racial segregation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This riot is called by some the first of the &#8220;modern&#8221; riots,\u00a0 the mob violence directed chiefly at property rather than individuals. This riot was also called by others the end of the Harlem Renaissance.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"a2a_button_facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/facebook?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotnumbers.com%2Fharlem-new-york-1935%2F&amp;linkname=Harlem%2C%20New%20York%20%281935%29\" title=\"Facebook\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_button_twitter\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/twitter?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotnumbers.com%2Fharlem-new-york-1935%2F&amp;linkname=Harlem%2C%20New%20York%20%281935%29\" title=\"Twitter\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_button_google_plus\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/google_plus?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotnumbers.com%2Fharlem-new-york-1935%2F&amp;linkname=Harlem%2C%20New%20York%20%281935%29\" title=\"Google+\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_button_flipboard\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/flipboard?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotnumbers.com%2Fharlem-new-york-1935%2F&amp;linkname=Harlem%2C%20New%20York%20%281935%29\" title=\"Flipboard\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_button_tumblr\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/tumblr?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotnumbers.com%2Fharlem-new-york-1935%2F&amp;linkname=Harlem%2C%20New%20York%20%281935%29\" title=\"Tumblr\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_dd a2a_target addtoany_share_save\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/share_save#url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotnumbers.com%2Fharlem-new-york-1935%2F&amp;title=Harlem%2C%20New%20York%20%281935%29\" id=\"wpa2a_2\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Age of Lino Rivera, the black Puerto Rican young man at the center of this event. On March 19, 1935, Mr. Rivera shoplifted a pen knife from a five and dime store. He was chased and caught\u00a0by store employees. Rivera didn&#8217;t take being caught calmly. He severely bit the hands of store employees who detained [&#8230;] <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[701],"tags":[774],"class_list":["post-4271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mathematics-of-a-race-riot","tag-mathematics-of-a-race-riot","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p33KTw-16T","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5260,"url":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2018\/03\/meridian-mississippi-1871\/","url_meta":{"origin":4271,"position":0},"title":"Meridian, Mississippi (1871)","author":"sherlonya","date":"March 24, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Duration, in days, of the Meridian riot. Distance between Meridian, Mississippi and Sumter County, Alabama. In Alabama, Ku Klux Klan raids drove freedmen to desert Sumter County and to seek refuge in Meridian. This led to a labor shortage in Sumter County. As a result, a group had made several\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mathematics of a Race Riot&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mathematics of a Race Riot","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/category\/mathematics-of-a-race-riot\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/3.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4468,"url":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2015\/03\/the-n-word\/","url_meta":{"origin":4271,"position":1},"title":"The N-word","author":"sherlonya","date":"March 16, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"I am no fool. I knew that I would have to confront the n-word during some point in this project. I just didn\u2019t know that I would have to deal with it so early. There I was researching riot #1 when it first jumped out. Just like that. I thought\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mathematics of a Race Riot&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mathematics of a Race Riot","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/category\/mathematics-of-a-race-riot\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"profanity","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/profanity-224x300.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4191,"url":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2014\/12\/phoenix-south-carolina-1898\/","url_meta":{"origin":4271,"position":2},"title":"Phoenix, South Carolina (1898)","author":"sherlonya","date":"December 17, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"November 1898. \u00a0 Black to white ratio in the general area of Greenwood County, South Carolina. Years since changes to the South Carolina constitution that raised the voting requirements. One needed to be able to answer any questions about constitutional provisions asked and one needed to pass a literacy test.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mathematics of a Race Riot&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mathematics of a Race Riot","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/category\/mathematics-of-a-race-riot\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"ballotbox","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ballotbox-300x300.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4186,"url":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2014\/12\/words-words-words\/","url_meta":{"origin":4271,"position":3},"title":"Words, Words, Words","author":"sherlonya","date":"December 13, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"A writer, I often like to turn to a dictionary when I\u2019m attempting to learn about something. This project is no different. So, I consulted, first, the Oxford English Dictionary, widely accepted as the authority on the English language. The OED not only defines words, but digs into their history.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mathematics of a Race Riot&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mathematics of a Race Riot","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/category\/mathematics-of-a-race-riot\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4472,"url":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2015\/03\/longview-texas-1919\/","url_meta":{"origin":4271,"position":4},"title":"Longview, Texas (1919)","author":"sherlonya","date":"March 20, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"One man was killed during the riot activities in Longview, Texas. \u00a0 Significantly different stories involving the death of Lemuel Walters. This death is one of the chief factors leading up to the riot. One version of the story involves Walter, a black man, being discovered in the bedroom of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mathematics of a Race Riot&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mathematics of a Race Riot","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/category\/mathematics-of-a-race-riot\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"2","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/2.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4292,"url":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2015\/01\/digging-in\/","url_meta":{"origin":4271,"position":5},"title":"Digging In","author":"sherlonya","date":"January 13, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 One of the major challenges of this project is deciding how far to delve into the facts of each riot. The random number generator did me a favor with the first couple of riots. It\u2019s just a bigger challenge to find information about some of these riots than it\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mathematics of a Race Riot&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mathematics of a Race Riot","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/category\/mathematics-of-a-race-riot\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"digging","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/digging-300x298.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4271"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4271\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}