{"id":4306,"date":"2015-01-20T19:57:24","date_gmt":"2015-01-21T00:57:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.riotnumbers.com\/?p=199"},"modified":"2015-01-20T19:57:24","modified_gmt":"2015-01-21T00:57:24","slug":"miami-florida-1980","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2015\/01\/miami-florida-1980\/","title":{"rendered":"Miami, Florida (1980)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/motorcycle.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-medium wp-image-218 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/motorcycle-300x283.gif?resize=300%2C283&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"motorcycle\" width=\"300\" height=\"283\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>On the evening of May 16, 1979 Arthur McDuffie was riding his motorcycle when the police attempted to pull him over. A chase ensued at high speeds through a residential area. Eventually, McDuffie surrendered. Then he was beaten by police officers. He slipped into a coma and died a few days later.<\/p>\n<p>Immediately following the incident, police officers took steps to cover up what happened. Officers ran over the motorcycle that McDuffie had been riding to make it look like McDuffie&#8217;s injuries were a result of him losing control of his bike.<\/p>\n<p>The officer who had been dispatched to conduct a routine investigation of the scene found that upon his arrival that the scene had been &#8220;destroyed,&#8221; meaning that the scene had been cleaned up. This made it impossible for him to actually investigate.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/flashlight.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-medium wp-image-244 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/flashlight-300x271.gif?resize=300%2C271&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"flashlight\" width=\"300\" height=\"271\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless, the county medical examiner was suspicious. He did not find the injuries that McDuffie sustained to be consistent with the story that the officers had told through the paperwork that they had submitted and statements they had made. The medical examiner thought that McDuffie appeared to have been beaten by a pipe, night stick, or heavy duty flashlight.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/9.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-medium wp-image-215 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/9.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"9\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Officers suspended in connection with the McDuffie case.<\/p>\n<p>Because of the media attention paid to the case, the police officers&#8217; defense attorneys asked that the trial be moved out of Dade County. The trial took place in Tampa.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/zero.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-140 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/zero.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"zero\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a>Number of black jurors in this case. The defense team used their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riotnumbers.com\/glossary#peremptory\"> peremptory challenges <\/a> to ensure that no blacks would serve on this jury.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/3.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-126 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/3.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"3\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a>Officers who were granted immunity for their testimony in the case.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/13.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-213 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/13.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"13\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Incidents of racial violence that might be described as mini riots that had occurred in Dade County, Florida in the 1970s.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/4.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-136 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/4.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"4\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Incidents that some black residents were aware of in the months leading up to the riot.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>As a part of a drug raid Nathaniel Lafleur, a black \u00a0junior high school teacher&#8217;s home was entered. \u00a0In the process of this raid, Lafleur was pistol whipped and had a pistol held to his head. Police threw a bucket of water over him during this encounter, and roughed him up a bit. This search lasted over two hours. Ultimately, Lafleur was charged with resisting arrest and battery of a police officer. A loaded pistol was confiscated. No drugs were found. \u00a0His hospital visit following the incident suggested that he had suffered kidney damage during the encounter. The police had been mistaken, and had entered the wrong house.<\/li>\n<li>Randy Heath, a young black man was driving with his sister when he made the decision to stop the car and relieve himself outdoors. As he stood next to a building, off-duty police officer Larry Shockley ordered Heath to put his hands against the wall. Shockley eventually stated that he had placed his cocked pistol behind Heath&#8217;s head, and that the gun accidentally went off, killing Heath. Heath was cited for negligence in mishandling his weapon, but the grand jury found no evidence for any criminal wrongdoing.<\/li>\n<li>Willie T. Jones, a member of the Florida Highway Patrol stopped an eleven-year-old black girl who was walking home from school. He told her that she fit the description of a girl who had been seen stealing candy and ordered her into the back of his car where he fondled her. She reported this to her family. She was able to identify the officer who had molested her. He pleaded no contest to charges against him \u00a0and was allowed to resign from the force, and ordered to both attend counseling and to pay for any counseling that the young girl needed. Within months, it was determined that he no longer needed counseling. Then, he ceased paying for the girl&#8217;s counseling. At that point, the girl&#8217;s family went public with this incident, which they had avoided in an attempt to protect the girl. The case against Mr. Jones was reexamined. A federal grand jury indicted him for illegally arresting and sexually abusing the girl. Before Jones could be arrested, however, he fled the county.<\/li>\n<li>Johnny Jones, Dade County&#8217;s first black superintendent, was charged with attempting to steal expensive plumbing fixtures for his own vacation home. Immediately following Jones&#8217; indictment, Jones was removed from his position \u00a0When the case went to trial, the prosecution used their peremptory challenges to ensure that the jurors in this case were all white. Jones was found guilty of second degree grand theft. Many local blacks felt that his race determined the outcome of these events.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/4.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-136 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/4.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"4\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a>Weeks of testimony presented in the trial associated with the Arthur McDuffie killing.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/lessthanthree.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-219 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/lessthanthree.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"lessthanthree\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Time in hours it took for jurors to reach their decision. All officers were acquitted of all charges.<\/p>\n<p>The evening of the verdict, rioting began. Liberty City, the black neighborhood where much of the rioting took place was a popular route through which many people drove to get from one side of Miami to the other. This neighborhood became a very dangerous place to be for white motorists during the rioting. Police, then, barricaded the entrances to the neighborhood trying to keep whites out in an attempt to protect them.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/18.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-220 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/18.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"18\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>People killed during this riot, including one police officer who died of a heart attack as he performed his duties during this riot. Unlike in some of the urban riots that preceded this one, causing direct injury to individuals rather than property or other symbols of perceived injustice was present. Four whites were taken from their vehicles and beaten to death. Two whites were stoned to death, trapped in their cars. One white person was killed because someone set the car he was in on fire while he was in it. 1 light-skinned immigrant from Guyana, who may have been mistaken for a Cuban, was also burned to death.<\/p>\n<p>During this time, the presence of Cubans in the area was a source of tension for some blacks. These people felt that their opportunities for jobs and advancement were eclipsed by the arrival of Cuban immigrants. Many of the Cubans who had come to Florida came from a variety of backgrounds and experiences, meaning that in some cases the new inhabitants had a skill\/experience advantage over much of the population in Liberty City, where the rioting occurred.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/14.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-236 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/14.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"14\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Minimum number of cars that were vandalized by police, spray painted with the words &#8220;looter&#8221; or &#8220;thief.&#8221; 5 officers were suspended because of this activity. Some of the cars that they vandalized were full of looted goods.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/52.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-medium wp-image-237 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/52.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"52\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Square miles covered by a curfew intended to help cool down riotous activity.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/3000.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-medium wp-image-239 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/3000.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"3000\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Jobs lost as a result of this riot.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/80-million.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-medium wp-image-238 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/80-million.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"80-million\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Estimated property loss for businesses during this riot.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/1100.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-medium wp-image-241 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/1100.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"1100\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Felony misdemeanor charges pursued because of this riot. Three jail terms resulted.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/190to240.gif?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-240 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/190to240.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"190to240\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Businesses reported as looted and burned during this disturbance.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-medium wp-image-242 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/202500.gif?resize=216%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"202500\" width=\"216\" height=\"144\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Amount that each of Arthur McDuffie&#8217;s children received as a part of a $1.1 million settlement with the Dade county commissioners in exchange for the family dropping a $25 million civil lawsuit against the county. McDuffie&#8217;s mother received $67,500. The family&#8217;s legal team received $483,833.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"a2a_button_facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/facebook?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotnumbers.com%2Fmiami-florida-1980%2F&amp;linkname=Miami%2C%20Florida%20%281980%29\" title=\"Facebook\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_button_twitter\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/twitter?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotnumbers.com%2Fmiami-florida-1980%2F&amp;linkname=Miami%2C%20Florida%20%281980%29\" title=\"Twitter\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_button_google_plus\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/google_plus?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotnumbers.com%2Fmiami-florida-1980%2F&amp;linkname=Miami%2C%20Florida%20%281980%29\" title=\"Google+\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_button_flipboard\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/flipboard?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotnumbers.com%2Fmiami-florida-1980%2F&amp;linkname=Miami%2C%20Florida%20%281980%29\" title=\"Flipboard\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_button_tumblr\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/add_to\/tumblr?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotnumbers.com%2Fmiami-florida-1980%2F&amp;linkname=Miami%2C%20Florida%20%281980%29\" title=\"Tumblr\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a class=\"a2a_dd a2a_target addtoany_share_save\" href=\"https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/share_save#url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotnumbers.com%2Fmiami-florida-1980%2F&amp;title=Miami%2C%20Florida%20%281980%29\" id=\"wpa2a_2\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On the evening of May 16, 1979 Arthur McDuffie was riding his motorcycle when the police attempted to pull him over. A chase ensued at high speeds through a residential area. Eventually, McDuffie surrendered. Then he was beaten by police officers. He slipped into a coma and died a few days later. Immediately following the [&#8230;] <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[701],"tags":[774],"class_list":["post-4306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mathematics-of-a-race-riot","tag-mathematics-of-a-race-riot","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p33KTw-17s","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4820,"url":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2016\/06\/knoxville-tennessee-1919\/","url_meta":{"origin":4306,"position":0},"title":"Knoxville, Tennessee (1919)","author":"sherlonya","date":"June 30, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Years following the Civil War that Knoxville, Tennessee had been able to boast about harmonious racial relations before the riot of 1919. People to know. Bertie Lindsey- A white woman, 27 years old, who was murdered around 2:30 AM the morning of August 30, 1919. Maurice Mays \u2013 Proprietor of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mathematics of a Race Riot&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mathematics of a Race Riot","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/category\/mathematics-of-a-race-riot\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"fiftyplus","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fiftyplus.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4271,"url":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2015\/01\/harlem-new-york-1935\/","url_meta":{"origin":4306,"position":1},"title":"Harlem, New York (1935)","author":"sherlonya","date":"January 3, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Age of Lino Rivera, the black Puerto Rican young man at the center of this event. On March 19, 1935, Mr. Rivera shoplifted a pen knife from a five and dime store. He was chased and caught\u00a0by store employees. Rivera didn\u2019t take being caught calmly. He severely bit the hands\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mathematics of a Race Riot&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mathematics of a Race Riot","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/category\/mathematics-of-a-race-riot\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"16","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/16.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4657,"url":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2016\/01\/birmingham-alabama-1963\/","url_meta":{"origin":4306,"position":2},"title":"Birmingham, Alabama (1963)","author":"sherlonya","date":"January 24, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombs that provoked rioting in Birmingham Alabama on May 11, 1963. At 10:45 PM, a uniformed police officer exited a Birmingham police vehicle, squad car 22, and left a package near the front steps of Pastor A.D. King\u2019s home. A witness, Roosevelt Tatum, stated that the officer returned to his\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mathematics of a Race Riot&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mathematics of a Race Riot","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/category\/mathematics-of-a-race-riot\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"2","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/2.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4472,"url":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2015\/03\/longview-texas-1919\/","url_meta":{"origin":4306,"position":3},"title":"Longview, Texas (1919)","author":"sherlonya","date":"March 20, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"One man was killed during the riot activities in Longview, Texas. \u00a0 Significantly different stories involving the death of Lemuel Walters. This death is one of the chief factors leading up to the riot. One version of the story involves Walter, a black man, being discovered in the bedroom of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mathematics of a Race Riot&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mathematics of a Race Riot","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/category\/mathematics-of-a-race-riot\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"2","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/2.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4292,"url":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2015\/01\/digging-in\/","url_meta":{"origin":4306,"position":4},"title":"Digging In","author":"sherlonya","date":"January 13, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 One of the major challenges of this project is deciding how far to delve into the facts of each riot. The random number generator did me a favor with the first couple of riots. It\u2019s just a bigger challenge to find information about some of these riots than it\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mathematics of a Race Riot&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mathematics of a Race Riot","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/category\/mathematics-of-a-race-riot\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"digging","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/digging-300x298.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4470,"url":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/2015\/03\/philadelphia-pennsylvania-1834\/","url_meta":{"origin":4306,"position":5},"title":"Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1834)","author":"sherlonya","date":"March 17, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"On Tuesday, August 12, 1834 a white mob consisting of several hundred people attacked a building in Philadelphia which housed the Flying Horses, a popular carousel that served both blacks and whites in the area. The mob destroyed the building and fought against any black people (and presumably others) who\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mathematics of a Race Riot&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mathematics of a Race Riot","link":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/category\/mathematics-of-a-race-riot\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"carousel","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.riotnumbers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/carousel-257x300.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4306"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4306\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherlonya.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}